Pānini (पाणिनि) was an ancient Indian grammarian (c. 520–460 BC, but estimates range from the 7th to 4th centuries BC) who lived in Gandhara and is most famous for his grammar of Sanskrit, particularly for his formulation of the 3,959 rules of Sanskrit morphology. Pānini's grammar of Sanskrit is highly systematised and technical. Inherent in its analytic approach are the concepts of the phoneme, the morpheme and the root, only recognized by Western linguists some two millennia later.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%81%E1%B9%87ini
http://indicethos.org/Mathematics/Panini/
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